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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">hadoop伪集群搭建</h1>
        

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        <p>介绍hadoop的伪集群环境搭建，以及基本的HDFS命令，适用于个人学习。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="版本选择"><a href="#版本选择" class="headerlink" title="版本选择"></a>版本选择</h2><ul>
<li>Apache Hadoop</li>
<li>CDH</li>
<li>其他</li>
</ul>
<p>CDH基于Apache Hadoop，帮我们修复了hadoop生态圈中jar的冲突，并且提供在线安装hadoop生态圈各个组件。推荐使用。</p>
<h2 id="伪集群搭建"><a href="#伪集群搭建" class="headerlink" title="伪集群搭建"></a>伪集群搭建</h2><blockquote>
<p>本教程采用hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0搭建，基于同学购买的腾讯centeros6.5入门版安装搭建。<br><a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考官网</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="java环境"><a href="#java环境" class="headerlink" title="java环境"></a>java环境</h3><p>我安装的openjdk8，网上说最好安装oraclejdk，安装教程省略，网上一大推。</p>
<h3 id="安装hadoop"><a href="#安装hadoop" class="headerlink" title="安装hadoop"></a>安装hadoop</h3><h4 id="下载并解压"><a href="#下载并解压" class="headerlink" title="下载并解压"></a>下载并解压</h4><p>过程略，记住自己解压后hadoop的路径，我的为/xuanbo/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0，下面该路径以HADOOP_HOME代替。</p>
<p><a href="http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0.tar.gz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">下载hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0.tar.gz</a></p>
<h4 id="修改配置文件"><a href="#修改配置文件" class="headerlink" title="修改配置文件"></a>修改配置文件</h4><ul>
<li><p>编辑etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh文件 </p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /HADOOP_HOME</span><br><span class="line">vim etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改配置文件中的JAVA_HOME</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># set to the root of your Java installation</span><br><span class="line">export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>这时单机版就已经配置成功了，但是此时使用的是本地文件系统，而不是分布式文件系统。我们先测试一哈（此时确保在HADOOP_HOME下）:<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir input</span><br><span class="line">cp etc/hadoop/*.xml input</span><br><span class="line">bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.0.jar grep input output <span class="string">'dfs[a-z.]+'</span></span><br><span class="line">cat output/*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>最后如果输入内容，就成功搭建了单机版。我们下面继续配置成伪集群。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>修改etc/hadoop/core-site.xml</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span>fs.defaultFS<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span>hdfs://ip(服务器的内网ip哦，如果是localhost，那么在本地环境下telnet不通的哦):9000<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span>dfs.replication<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span>1<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>现在已经配置成功了，我们启动看看效果。</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong> 你可能想在YARN上执行job，<a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html#YARN_on_a_Single_Node" target="_blank" rel="noopener">请直接官网教程，配置一哈</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p>格式化文件系统（<strong>第一次滴时候</strong>）</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bin/hdfs namenode -format</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>启动NameNode daemon和DataNode daemon</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sbin/start-dfs.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>注意：这里会提示你输入root的密码。</p>
<ul>
<li>浏览器输入<a href="http://ip:50070/查看NameNode的相关信息。注意ip为你服务器的ip。" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://ip:50070/查看NameNode的相关信息。注意ip为你服务器的ip。</a></li>
</ul>
<p>到这里，我们就成功的搭建了一个伪集群环境。下面玩一玩hadoop的hdfs的几个常用命令。</p>
<h2 id="基本的HDFS命令"><a href="#基本的HDFS命令" class="headerlink" title="基本的HDFS命令"></a>基本的HDFS命令</h2><blockquote>
<p>命令类似于linux命令，需要会点儿常用命令即可。 注意所有的操作均在HADOOP_HOME/bin下。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="基本操作"><a href="#基本操作" class="headerlink" title="基本操作"></a>基本操作</h3><ul>
<li>查询根目录文件  hdfs dfs -ls /</li>
<li>删除文件  hdfs dfs -rm filename</li>
<li>创建文件夹  hdfs dfs -mkdir name</li>
<li>递归创建文件夹  hdfs dfs -mkdir -P name</li>
<li>上传文件  hdfs dfs -put localfile hadoopfile</li>
<li>浏览文件  hdfs dfs -cat hadoopfile</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="练习"><a href="#练习" class="headerlink" title="练习"></a>练习</h3><p>在hadoop的文件系统中创建一个文件夹，并把本地的文件上传进去。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>在hadoop中创建input文件夹</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hdfs dfs -mkdir /input</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>将本地/xuanbo/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0.tar.gz上传到hadoop的/input中</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hdfs dfs -put /hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0.tar.gz /input</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>查看上传的文件</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hdfs dfs -ls /input</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="博客推荐"><a href="#博客推荐" class="headerlink" title="博客推荐"></a>博客推荐</h2><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangyinhua/tag/%E8%B5%B7%E8%88%AAHadoop/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">起航Hadoop</a></li>
</ul>
<p>这位道友是2017-10写的，比较新，不像其他的1.x，推荐参考一哈。</p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#版本选择"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">版本选择</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#伪集群搭建"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">伪集群搭建</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#java环境"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">java环境</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装hadoop"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装hadoop</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#下载并解压"><span class="nav-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">下载并解压</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#修改配置文件"><span class="nav-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">修改配置文件</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#基本的HDFS命令"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">基本的HDFS命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#基本操作"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">基本操作</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#练习"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">练习</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#博客推荐"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">博客推荐</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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